Spring Bean Scopes

In Spring we get the bean from the Spring container with some default configuration. Default behavior is that every beans in the Spring container are initialized when bean configuration file loaded to the JVM.  Whenever getBean is called container recognized the bean by given bean id and return that bean to the caller. One more default behavior is that every beans has only one instance in the spring container.

Bean Scope means which is used to decide which type of bean instance should be return from Spring container back to the caller. Basic Spring Bean Scopes are only two types-Singleton:(Default) Scopes a single bean definition to a single object instance per Spring IoC container. Prototype: Scopes a single bean definition to any number of object instances. But at web environment spring have three more scopes Request Scope: This scopes a bean definition to an HTTP request. Session Scope: This scopes a bean definition to an HTTP session. Global Session: Scopes a single bean definition to the lifecycle of a global HTTP Session.

We can control not only the various dependencies and configuration values that are to be plugged into an object that is created from a particular bean definition, but also the scope of the objects created from a particular bean definition. This approach is very powerful and gives you the flexibility to choose the scope of the objects you create through configuration.

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Basic Spring Bean Scope are only two types are given below.

1. Singleton Bean Scope - Return a single bean instance per Spring IoC container
2. Prototype Bean Scope - Return a new bean instance each time when requested

1. Singleton Bean Scope: Scopes a single bean definition to a single object instance per Spring IoC container. This is the default behavior of the spring container.

When a bean is a singleton, only one shared instance of the bean will be managed, and all requests for beans with an id or ids matching that bean definition will result in that one specific bean instance being returned by the Spring container.

We can say another way, when you define a bean definition and it is scoped as a singleton, then the Spring IoC container will create exactly one instance of the object defined by that bean definition. This single instance will be stored in a cache of such singleton beans, and all subsequent requests and references for that named bean will result in the cached object being returned.

To define a singleton scope, you can set the scope property to singleton in the bean configuration file, as shown below:

<bean class="com.dineshonjava.sdnext.beanscope.Point" id="zeroPoint" scope="singleton">
  <property name="x" value="0"></property>
  <property name="y" value="0"></property>
</bean>

@Service
@Scope("singleton")
public class Point
{
   private int x;
   private int y;
   
   public void setX(int x){
      this.x = x;
   }

   public void setY(int y){
      this.y = y;
   }
}

<bean class="com.dineshonjava.sdnext.beanscope.Point" id="zeroPoint" scope="prototype"><property name="x" value="0"></property>
  <property name="y" value="0"></property>
</bean>

@Service
@Scope("prototype")
public class Point
{
   private int x;
   private int y;
   
   public void setX(int x){
      this.x = x;
   }

   public void setY(int y){
      this.y = y;
   }
}

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